Polari, also known as Palare, is a secret language that has been used by LGBTQ+ communities in the United Kingdom for decades. Originally used by circus performers, fairground workers, sailors, and criminals in the 19th and early 20th centuries, Polari eventually became a way for gay men to communicate discreetly in a society that was largely hostile towards homosexuality.
The language is a mix of Italian, Romani, Yiddish, and Cockney rhyming slang, with some elements of backslang (reversing the sounds of words) thrown in for good measure. It was originally used as a way to discuss sexual matters and identify other members of the LGBTQ+ community without drawing the attention of homophobic outsiders.
One of the most well-known aspects of Polari is its use of camp slang, a form of language that caricatures femininity and flamboyance. Terms such as “naff” (unfashionable or tasteless), “mince” (to walk in an effeminate manner), and “zhoosh” (to make something more stylish or attractive) are all examples of Polari words that have entered mainstream English usage.
Polari also has a rich history within LGBTQ+ culture, with several iconic figures using the language in their work. Comedians like Kenneth Williams and Julian Clary often incorporated Polari into their routines, while musicians such as Marc Almond and the Pet Shop Boys have incorporated Polari slang into their lyrics.
Despite its historical significance, Polari began to fall out of use in the 1960s with the decriminalization of homosexuality in the UK and the increasing acceptance of LGBTQ+ communities in mainstream society. However, in recent years there has been a renewed interest in the language, with scholars and activists working to preserve and revitalize Polari for future generations.
One of the ways in which Polari has been kept alive is through events such as Polari Nights, a night of comedy, music, and spoken word that celebrates the language and its legacy within LGBTQ+ culture. These events have helped to introduce new audiences to Polari and its significance within the community.
Overall, exploring Polari offers a fascinating insight into the history and culture of LGBTQ+ communities in the United Kingdom. By learning about this secret language, we can gain a better understanding of the struggles and triumphs of those who have fought for acceptance and equality throughout history.