Polari, a secret language used primarily by gay men in the United Kingdom during the 20th century, played a significant role in shaping LGBTQ+ identity and resistance during that time. This unique linguistic code allowed members of the LGBTQ+ community to communicate with each other discreetly and form connections in a largely hostile and homophobic society.

Polari originated in the 19th century among theatrical and circus performers in London, who used it as a form of slang to communicate with each other and conceal their identities as gay or bisexual men. Over time, Polari evolved into a fully developed language with its own vocabulary and grammar, incorporating elements of Romani, Italian, Yiddish, and Cockney rhyming slang.

In the mid-20th century, Polari became increasingly popular among gay men in the UK, particularly those who frequented bars, clubs, and underground subcultures. It allowed them to identify and connect with each other in a safe and clandestine way, creating a sense of community and solidarity in the face of widespread stigma and discrimination.

One of the most significant aspects of Polari was its role in resistance against anti-LGBTQ+ laws and societal norms. During a time when homosexuality was illegal in the UK and intolerance towards LGBTQ+ individuals was widespread, Polari provided a means of resistance and empowerment for marginalized communities. By using a secret language to communicate and form networks, LGBTQ+ people were able to assert their identity and agency in a society that sought to suppress and silence them.

Polari also served as a form of cultural resistance, influencing art, music, and literature in the LGBTQ+ community. Comedians such as Kenneth Williams and Julian Clary incorporated Polari into their performances, giving visibility and voice to a marginalized subculture. Artists like Joe Orton and Quentin Crisp integrated Polari into their writing, using it to challenge conventional ideas of sexuality and gender.

While Polari began to decline in usage in the late 20th century as LGBTQ+ rights expanded and societal attitudes towards homosexuality shifted, its legacy continues to shape LGBTQ+ identity and resistance today. The language remains a symbol of resilience and defiance in the face of oppression, a reminder of the power of community and solidarity in the fight for equality and acceptance. As we look back on the impact of Polari on LGBTQ+ history, we can see how a secret language helped to shape a movement and pave the way for progress and liberation.