Polari, a secret language used by the British LGBTQ+ community in the mid-20th century, has evolved from a covert means of communication to a cultural phenomenon embraced by the mainstream.

Originally developed in the 19th century among the marginalised gay subculture of London, Polari served as a way for LGBTQ+ people to communicate without fear of persecution. The language drew influences from various sources, including Romani, Italian, Yiddish, and slang, creating a unique and vibrant lexicon that was used to discuss taboo subjects and identify one another in public spaces.

Polari became increasingly popular in the mid-20th century, particularly among gay men in urban areas like London and Manchester. The language was used in bars, clubs, and other meeting places as a way to bond and form a sense of community in a hostile society that criminalised homosexuality.

In the 1960s and 70s, Polari began to gain national attention through popular television shows such as “Round the Horne” and “Julian and Sandy.” These programs featured characters who spoke in Polari, introducing the language to a wider audience and giving it a playful, campy image that contrasted with its underground origins.

As LGBTQ+ rights began to improve in the latter half of the 20th century, Polari fell out of use as a secret code. However, the language’s influence has endured, with terms like “naff,” “lush,” and “gobsmacked” entering mainstream British English. Today, Polari is celebrated as a part of LGBTQ+ history and culture, with events like Polari Literary Salon and Polari Balls dedicated to preserving and promoting the language.

The evolution of Polari from a secret code to a cultural phenomenon reflects the changing attitudes towards LGBTQ+ people in British society. What was once a symbol of resistance and defiance is now a cherished part of LGBTQ+ heritage, a reminder of the community’s resilience and creativity in the face of adversity. As we continue to celebrate diversity and inclusivity, the legacy of Polari serves as a testament to the power of language to unite and empower marginalized communities.